Mr. Rogers' IB Design Technology Objectives
Syllabus 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter
Inv. innov. & design Design cycle  Green Design Group IV  

Topic 2: Invention and innovation

IB Design Technology Standards: Items directly related to the standards are shown in blue

 
Lesson Plan Practice Test

Objectives
Essential Question: What invention would you like to see?

Class start up

  1. Review syllabus

 

Assessment -- About Me

Specifications:

  1. Using bullet statements list your hobbies.
  2. State your career goals--one or more sentences
  3. Describe an invention you'd like to see and tell why you'd like to see it.

Deliverable: Place the completed Word file in the IB Design Technology folder of your student drive.

Work Group: Individual.

 

Essential Question: How long does it take to perfect an invention?

Invention and innovation

  1. Define:

  • invention: A prototype or demonstration of a concept or principle that could become a product that addresses a problem, need, or desire.

  • innovation: Successfully commercializing an invention as a product.

  1. Describe the 6 stages in the development of a generic technologies (automobile, electric lighting, electronic computing, etc.) develop

  • Concept Development  - The invention exists only as an idea in the mind of progressives and dreamers.

  • Demonstration of Basic Concept - Usually comes from scientific research. Prior to this point the invention or technology can only exist as an idea

  • Trailblazing  - Characterized by individual inventors or R&D groups demonstrating inventions which do not become innovations.

  • Product Development  - Characterized by highly expensive and/or poorly performing commercial products

  • Commercialization - Characterized by mass product and applied research aimed at lowering costs and improving performance. The performance/cost ratio vs. time curve takes on a sigmoidal shape.

  • Maturity - The performance/cost ratio stagnates. Sometimes the product is replaced.

  1. Describe the 4 stages of innovation

  • Developing - an invention is refined into a product

  • Production - the product is manufactured

  • Marketing and Sales - customers are located and served

  • Redesign - the cycle or spiral continues

  1. Discuss the importance of science and technology to invention and innovation.

  2. Discuss the relevance of design to innovation.

  3. Discuss various invention/innovation case studies:

  • automobile

  • electric lighting

  • computers

  • wireless communication

Assignment: Research the development of the electric lighting. Determine if Thomas Edison invented the light bulb.

Deliverable: Write a paper on your assignment using the general format show at right. List an approximate starting date for each stage and in a few sentences discuss the main people involved and what they did. Summarize your findings and answer whether Edison invented the light bulb.

The Development of Electric Lighting

Concept Development:  alsdjflskdflsd sdjl sld lsdf lsdflj sdfljkki sdfsd ;oeodd ;sk;k

Demonstration of Basic Concept: alsdjflskdflsd sdjl sld lsdf lsdflj sdfljkki sdfsd ;oeodd ;sk;k

Trailblazing: alsdjflskdflsd sdjl sld lsdf lsdflj sdfljkki sdfsd ;oeodd ;sk;k  

Product Development: alsdjflskdflsd sdjl sld lsdf lsdflj sdfljkki sdfsd ;oeodd ;sk;k  

Commercialization: alsdjflskdflsd sdjl sld lsdf lsdflj sdfljkki sdfsd ;oeodd ;sk;k

Maturity: alsdjflskdflsd sdjl sld lsdf lsdflj sdfljkki sdfsd ;oeodd ;sk;k

Summary and Conclusions: jsdldjflsdj dkldsjfl dfjsdljlkjlkjlj

.

Essential Question: What factors make an invention succeed or fail?

  1. Describe the factors that motivate inventions:

  • Market Pull - Problems in search of a solution
  • Technology Push - Solutions in search of a problem
    • Demonstration of new scientific findings: Example - glowing platinum wire led to the light bulb.
    • Availability of materials or resources: example plastics, oil, wood, rubber

    1. Describe 7 reasons why inventions succeed or fail to become innovations.

    • Marketability - Potential for being sold

    • Marketing - Process of identifying and serving customers.

    • Financial Support - Investment needed for development, production, and sales.

    • Need - Ability to solve a problem or address a human need.

    • Price - manufacturing and sales costs must be low enough for product to be sold for less than the value to the customer.

    • Resistance to Change -  the QWERTY vs. the Dvorak keyboard, the metric system

    • Aversion to Risk - Computers on the space shuttle, IBM 32-bit general purpose computers (GPCs), model AP-101originally had about 424 kilobytes of magnetic core memory each, upgraded in 1990 to about 1 megabyte (see Space Shuttle history.)

    1. Explain how dominant design (implicit features recognized as essential by a majority of manufacturers and purchasers.), diffusion into the marketplace (wide acceptance and sales) are significant factors in the success of an innovation,

      dominant design examples: ballpoint pen (Biro), Apple® iPod®, Coca-Cola®.

       

       

    Essential Question: How do you make money from an invention?

    1. Describe the 4 key methods of protecting inventions and other intellectual properties.

    • Patent - U.S.A: utility = 20 yrs, design = 14 yrs, plant = 17 years

    • Copyright - generally creator's lifetime + 70 years, applies to creative work, created automatically but can be strengthened by using © or registering item must be defended

    • Trademark - indefinite, applies to names or symbols used for marketing or product image, created by using ™ or SM, or strengthened by registration ®, item must remain in commerce and be defended.

    • Trade Secret - possibly indefinite, applies mostly to manufacturing processes

    1. Explain what makes an object patentable  (see Lemelson-MIT Inventor's Handbook)

    • not sold

    • not published

    • not obvious

    • not known or used by others

    1. Describe provisional patents and explain their purpose

    • indicated by the words patent pending

    • purpose - establish an early effective filing date

    • applicant has 12 months to file a non-provisional application

    • the 12 months not counted against the 20 year patent life.

    • NOT examined on their merits, hence, easy to obtain

    1. Compare lone inventor, product champion, and entrepreneur roles.

    2. Give an example of incremental design: incandescent, halogen light bulbs.

    3. Define:

    • technophile

    • technocautious

    • technophobe

    1. discuss why people fall in these categories.

    • 1st order effects: personal gains

    • 2nd order effects: moral and ethical, security & privacy, economic circumstances.

    1. Discuss why companies resist Innovation

    • R&D expensive

    • new innovation makes old products obsolete

    • change is always disruptive

    1. Discuss corporate strategies for innovation

    • pioneering - high risk, high potential example: Apple® iPod®

    • imitative- less risk but still requires major development example: Apple® iPod® knockoffs

    • hybrid - combine pioneering and imitative to gain and keep dominate market position

    • set the standard - Beta vs. VHS video tape

    Relevance: Most people will have one or more invention ideas during their live. Many will desire to write a book. This section gives important information about how to protect inventions and written works.

     

    Essential Question: How do companies market an invention and how does this differ from the way you would market an invention?

    1. Describe company strategies use for enhancing market penetration (increasing sales for an existing product).

    2. Describe how a company would undertake market development (finding new applications for existing products).

    3. Describe one example of how a company undertakes product development (the creation of new, modified or updated products aimed at existing customers.)

    4. Describe one example of diversification (both the development of new products and new customers.)

    5. Define market sector (categories the company is aiming to serve) and market segmentation (dividing a market into smaller segments where the customers are similar).

    6. Outline two ways in which markets may be segmented .

    7. Discuss an example of a robust design that evolved into a product family (A group of similar products usually with many common parts and assemblies). (Chevy Volt, Chevy Cruse), (Coke, Diet Coke, Vanilla Coke, Cherry Coke)

    Relevance: Most people will have one or more invention ideas during their live. This section helps illustrate why the best money-making strategy for lone inventors is generally to license or sell their invention to a company.

    Summative Assessment: Test Objectives 1-25
    Note: Items highlighted in this color are directly related to the 2009 IB Syllabus which is the set of standards for the class. In many cases the wording has been altered, but every attempt has been made to preserve the meaning. These objective, however, should not be considered a substitute for the actual syllabus.
    Copyright © TK Rogers 2009