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Objectives
(those directly related to the IB Design
Technology Standard are shown in blue) |
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| Essential Question:
How
does green design impact your life? |
Principles of green design
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Define
green design,
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List examples of renewable resources and non-renewable resources.
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renewable resources |
non-renewable resources |
| Photovoltaic electricity |
Fossil fuels: oil, gas, coal |
| Solar heating |
nuclear energy (uranium)
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| Wind generated power
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metals |
| Bio-fuels: bio-diesel, ethanol, methanol |
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| Hydro-electric |
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| Lumber |
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Outline the reasons for green design.
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also customer approval. Energy efficient products are cheaper
to operate and hence, are sought after by customers
legislation:
this is needed when green alternatives or behavior is more
expensive than less environmentally responsible options.
manufacturing cost savings: energy efficiency reduces
manufacturing cost. Emissions of pollutants often represent a loss of product
or raw materials. Solid waste that goes to a landfill is an expense.
reliability of supply: flex fuel vehicles and plug in hybrid
vehicles are less dependent on gasoline supplies (a major benefit of the
Brazilian system).
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Discussion Questions
- What is the cost of polluted air and water?
- Should pollution be part of the price for a
product? On this basis is coal generated electricity (usually the
cheapest fossil fuel) properly priced?
- Is legislation a good way to promote green design
or is it a choice of last resort?
- Would companies that embrace green design be
likely to be more or less profitable?
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List design objectives for
green products.
low-impact materials: minimizing damage or pollution from
the chosen materials
minimal long-term harm from product
use:
product that functions efficiently for its full life
low-impact product disposal:
taking full account of the effects of
the end disposal of the product
environmentally
friendly packaging and instructions:
minimal nuisances: such as noise or
smell
minimal safety hazards:
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Discuss the impact of “take back” legislation on designers and
manufacturers of cars, refrigerators and washing machines.
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Explain how people can be broadly
classified according to their attitudes to green issues.
actively demonstrate on environmental issues.
Eco-champions
champion environmental issues within organizations.
Eco-fans
enthusiastically adopt environmentally friendly practices as consumers.
Eco-phobes
actively resent talk of environmental protection.
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Assessment -- Analysis of
“Take Back”
Legislation
Specifications: Research "take back" legislation on the internet.
Make a table and list the pros on one side and the cons on the other. Below
the table write a paragraph describing the best way to use "take back"
legislation. Below the paragraph, list at least 3 references.
Deliverable: Place the completed Word file in the IB Design
Technology folder of your student drive.
Work Group: Groups of 2. |
Relevance: Within the lifetime of
today's high school students, there are likely to be petroleum product
shortages due to a lack of supply and significant environmental
disruptions due to global warming. Green design is a way to minimize these
problems.
| Essential Question:
What are the factors that make a product
green? |
Life cycle analysis
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Define
life cycle analysis.
List the key stages in life cycle
analysis.
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pre-production:
This mainly
concerns issues associated with acquiring raw materials. For example,
obtaining metals using strip mining, use of forests, insecticides used in
farming, etc.
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production:
manufacturing consumes energy and other resources like water, landfill
space, etc. In addition to the product it also generally produces air and
water pollution.
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distribution including packaging:
includes the energy requirements of transportation. while packaging is
often considered a source of waste, it can prevent excessive product loss
from spoilage or damage.
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utilization:
Energy consumption.
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disposal:
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List the major environmental considerations in life cycle
analysis.
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water--surface water, ground
water, runoff
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soil pollution and degradation--contamination,
erosion (dust bowel)
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air contamination--pollution
(ground level ozone), particulates (smoke), greenhouse gasses
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noise
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energy consumption--renewable,
non-renewable, clean, dirty
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consumption of natural resources
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pollution and effect on ecosystems--endangered
species
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Organize the environmental considerations
of the life cycle stages
into an
environmental impact assessment matrix.
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Explain why elements of the matrix
may differ in importance according to the particular design context.
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Name the major source of water pollution in Greenville
county --siltification typically caused by excessive rain water
runnoff.
Describe strategies for controlling excessive runoff.
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Describe the elements of green parking lot design.
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plantings that can tolerate wet and dry cycles
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lower than grade plantings that are not blocked by curbs
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permeable paving techniques
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correct sizing of the number of parking spaces.
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Discussion Questions
- Would companies that embrace green design be
likely to be more or less profitable?
- Can packaging be environmentally responsible even
if it ends up in a land fill?
- Are plastic bags really worse than paper/
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Discussion Questions
County planners actually use
Google Earth
- How could county planners use a program like
Google Earth for analyzing parking lots and their impact?
- How could they use it for determining land use or
other infrastructure needs?
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Assessment -- Analysis of
Runoff
IB Standard:
environmental impact assessment matrix.
Specifications:
Locate a parking lot in Greenville (the Bi Low lot on Pelham Road near 85)
using Google Earth. Measure the dimensions of the lot and calculate the lot's
area and runoff in gallons for 1" of rain.
Deliverable: An Excel file
showing the area of the parking lot and the runoff amount along with all
of the required calculations. Include
an environmental impact assessment matrix for the parking lot in the Excel
spreadsheet Place the Excel file in the IB Design
Technology folder of your student drive.
Work Group: Groups of 2. |
| Essential Question:
How can a designer influence
product life cycle in a way that minimizes the product's environmentaL
impact over its entire life cycle? |
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Identify the roles and
responsibilities of the designer, manufacturer and user at each life
cycle stage of a product.
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pre-production: |
production: |
distribution including packaging: |
utilization |
disposal: |
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designer |
- select low impact materials
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- design for ease of manufacturing.
- select materials to minimize waste and energy consumption in
manufacturing
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- design for small size and light weight
- minimize packaging materials
- select low impact packaging materials
- use effective eco-labeling
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- design for energy efficiency, low noise, safety, etc.
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- design for recycling, reuse, repair, reconditioning.
- select materials for minimal land fill impact.
- minimize the number of materials
- design for disassembly and label for recycling
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manufacturer |
- use green product designers
- use green design in manufacturing facilities
- require green practices from vendors
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- use state of the are pollution and noise abatement.
- minimize all waste streams.
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use green design (such as green parking lots) in distribution
facilities
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Use biodegradable peanut packing.
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- provide instructions to encourage proper use and disposal of
product.
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- initiate take-back policies
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user |
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- use green design and energy efficiency as part of the buying
decision.
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- use the product in an environmentally responsible manner
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recycling, reuse, repair, and return the product for reconditioning
if possible
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compost
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Describe one example of a
situation where life cycle analysis identifies conflicts that have to be
resolved through prioritization.
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Explain that life cycle analysis
is targeted at particular product categories.
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Explain why life cycle analysis is
not widely used in practice.
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Describe the reasons for the
introduction of eco-labeling schemes.
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Compare the objectives of two
different eco-labeling schemes.
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Europe,
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Australia
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the United States (US).
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Assessment -- Analysis of
eco-labeling schemes
IB Standard:eco-labeling schemes
Specifications:
Using internet research, find and list the objectives of eco-labeling schemes for
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Europe,
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Australia
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the United States (US).
Deliverable: Place the completed Word file in the IB Design
Technology folder of your student drive.
Work Group: Individuals. |
| Essential Question:
How can a designer influence
whether the product is reused or recycled? |
Strategies for green design
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Describe how reuse, repair,
reconditioning and recycling contribute to the optimization of resource
utilization.
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Describe how the strategies of
reuse, repair and recycling can be applied to the design of products,
including packaging.
--robust design, cleanable, example:
refillable propane tanks, refillable spray bottles
repair --modular design with ease of access, built
in diagnostic capabilities, example: cars
reconditioning --modular design with ease of
access, interchangeable upgrade parts, example: computers
recycling --materials selection,
must be compatible and recyclable
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Describe how composting can be used to
reduce landfill requirements.
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yard waste--over
50% of all land fill materials are yard waste.
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packing materials--cardboard,
biodegradable packing peanuts, newspapers can be composed
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food wastes--especially
vegetable waste
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List three material groups that
can be easily and economically recycled.
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metals
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glass
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thermoplastics
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paper
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Describe how many products
comprise several different materials, and state that these materials
have to be separated to enable recycling.
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Discuss the issues underpinning
the economic recycling of materials.
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Define design for disassembly.
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Explain that design for
disassembly is one aspect of design for materials and will facilitate
recycling of products on disposal.
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Discuss strategies that designers could employ to
design for disassembly.
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Design components made from one
material.
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Use thermoplastic adhesives that
lose their properties when reheated.
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Designing snap fittings instead
of welding and gluing.
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Label plastic parts according to type
Assessment: Test objectives 1-20
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