Mr. Rogers' IB Design Technology Objectives
Syllabus 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter
Inv., inn. & design Design cycle  Responsibilities    

Topic 1 Designers And The Design Cycle

Lesson Plan Practice Test Study Guide

Objectives

The Design Process

  1. Take an Invention from Concept to Prototype - the Lemelson-MIT InvenTeam method

  • conduct literature searches on  ideas
  • conduct patent searches
  • find clients and customers willing to help develop the idea
  • write a design brief including a Lemelson-MIT type invention statement
  • run simulations of basic concepts using programs such as Interactive Physics
  • develop time line plans (Gantt charts) using Excel
  • develop a detailed materials list using Excel
  • make drawings: detailed (three views) and 3D  using CAD
  • build prototypes
  • assemble a final report which will sell the idea to potential investors.
  1. Prepare a design brief: The formal starting point of the design, states the expectations and design problem. Does not provide the solution.

  • goal - example: produce a working prototype for evaluating possible volume production

  • target market - children, handicapped adults etc.

  • major constraints - laws, costs, etc. which place constraints on design.

  • criterion - Lemelson-MIT type invention statement

  1. Develop a specification from the design brief culminating in a final product design specification (PSD).
  • limits - define the range of performance
  • demands - requirements or features which must be met
  • wishes - requirements which should be met
  • evaluation criterion - used for evaluating the design
  1. Define and give examples of:
  • incremental design
  • radical design
  1. Explain how incremental and radical design can combine with incremental and radical thinking.
  • fiberglass pole for pole vaulting- incremental design change, radical performance improvement
  • hybrid engine - radical design change in power plant produces no change in driving performance or infrastructure requirements.
  • hydrogen fuel - incremental change in fuel causes radical change in automobile design and infrastructure requirements.

 

The Design Cycle Model

  1. Draw and explain the IB simple design cycle (DMC).

     

    • Identifying the problem and the brief

    • Researching and specifications

    • Generating ideas

    • Developing the chosen solution

    • Planning and realizing the chosen solution

    • Testing and evaluating the chosen solution

     

  2. Explain why the IB simple design cycle is not linear, and why it is iterative in practice.

     

    • New information and ideas surface as the design process proceeds

    • customer requirements can change as the design process proceeds

    • Parts of the project will proceed in parallel and hence overlap

     

  3. Explain why elements of the model may differ in importance according to the particular design context.

     

    • expense

    • design and construction time

    • safety

 

Applications of The Design Cycle Model

  1. Outline three limitations of the IB simple design cycle.

     

    • assumes one activity does not start until another has finished -- no overlap

    • assumes no iteration

    • give equal weight to all activities

     

Generating Ideas

  1. Define constructive discontent. dissatisfaction with what exists and the desire to make the situation better.

  2. Describe the relevance of constructive discontent for designers.

  3. Define adaptation. a solution to a problem may be found by finding something similar from another context and adapting it.

  4. Describe the relevance of analogies to designers. Odd, remote or strange analogies used to stimulate new ideas. Examples:

  • “cat’s eyes” in the middle of the road

  • sonar based on marine animals

  1. Use  brainstorming.

  • done in a small group setting

  • all participants are given equal standing

  • participants interact with each other's ideas

  • criticism is deferred

  1. Use divergent thinking.

  • conceptual

  • problem focused - what is the problem?

  • generates alternatives

  • favors openendedness

  • used at the ideas generating phase and during development

  1. Use convergent thinking. Convergent thinking is analytical and solution focused, eg used at the research stage and during evaluation.

  • analytical

  • solution focused - how can the problem be solved?

  • evaluates alternatives

  • favors closure

  • use at research stage and during evaluation

  1. Describe relationship of convergent and divergent thinking to the elements of the DCM.

 

Design Communication

  1. Describe the purpose of freehand drawing in the design process. (Rapid communication and development of ideas).

  2. Describe the advantages of CAD (computer aided design).

  • Speeds prototyping and manufacturing. CAD drawings can often be fed directly into manufacturing equipment.

  • Shortens drawing time: dimensioning, for example is automated

  • Increases drawing accuracy: Eliminates much of the opportunity for human error. Dimensions can often be pulled directly off drawings.

  • Facilitates changes: There is no need to erase when making modifications and little to no chance of "losing scale" (in other words, making a drawing that does not exactly match the part's shape).

  1. Describe the disadvantages of CAD.

  • High learning curve

  • Expensive software

  • Demanding computer hardware and data storage demands. CAD files tend to be large.

  1. Name and describe the different types of drawings used in design communication.

  1. Orthographic Drawing: A 2D line drawing showing a front, top, and side view of an object complete with dimensions.  Especially useful for manufacturing.

  • Hidden lines are dashed lines

  • Dimension lines are thinner than drawing lines

  • Dimension line extensions from views do not touch the view

  • Arrowheads on dimension lines are solid

  • Center lines: alternating long and short dashes the thickness of dimension lines

  • Lists materials of construction

  1. Isometric Drawing: A 3D line drawing showing a part tilted at a specified angle. Parallel lines are represented as parallel. No effort is made to represent perspective. Generally, hidden lines are not shown nor are dimensions given. Used primarily for representing how the part will look.

  2. Perspective Drawing: A 3D drawing used for evaluating the appearance of an object such as a building. The drawing accurately depicts the object as it will look to the human eye. For example, parallel lines, such as railroad tracks, going away from the viewer will appear to converge. Hidden lines are not shown nor are dimensions given. colors, shading, and textures are often represented in perspective drawings.

  3. Exploded Isometric Drawing: A 3D line drawing showing the parts of an object as though they have flow or "exploded" a short distance apart. Generally, hidden lines are not shown nor are dimensions given. Te exploded drawing helps reveal how an object is assembled and helps show an object's interior.

  1. List key characteristics of  models:

  • Representations of reality

  • Represents selected features of a design.

  1. Outline the advantages and disadvantages mathematical models.
  Advantages Disadvantages
  Accuracy Limited applications
  Predictive power High skill required
  Flexible  
  Fast  

  1. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of physical models.

  Advantages Disadvantages
  Allows Mechanical testing Hard to modify
  Accurate appearance Time consuming to build
  Detects clearance problems easily Scaling problems
  Detects fabrication and assembly problems  

  1. Define algorithm.

  2. Draw a simple flow chart using symbols.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 
 
 
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