AP Statistics Standards
II. Sampling and
Experimentation: Planning and conducting a study (10% –15%)
A. Overview of methods of data
collection
- Census
- Sample survey
- Experiment
- Observational study
B. Planning and conducting surveys
- Characteristics of a well-designed
and well-conducted survey
- Populations, samples, and random
selection
- Sources of bias in sampling and surveys
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Sampling methods, including
simple random sampling, stratified
random sampling, and cluster sampling
C. Planning and conducting experiments
- Characteristics of a
well-designed and well-conducted experiment
- Treatments, control groups,
experimental units, random assignments,
and replication
- Sources of bias and
confounding, including placebo effect and blinding
- Completely randomized design
- Randomized block design, including
matched pairs design
D. Generalizability of results from
observational studies, experimental studies,
and surveys
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Objectives |
| Essential Question:
Can bad data be corrected with
good statistical analysis? |
Chapter 5 : Producing Data
Designing Samples
- Distinguish between population and samples and tell
which one forms the basis of statistics.
- Define bias (p248).
- Define voluntary response and convenience
sampling. Explain why they
invariably
produces biased results.
- Identify when confounding is present.
- Explain why confounding and bias make
statistical inference impossible. (Inference implies that there is no other
reasonable explanation for the data.
- State the key difference between a statistical study
and a non-statistical study.
- State the two basic forms of statistical studies.
- Observational / Survey
- Experiment
- Describe an SRS and state what it seeks to eliminate.
(With a sample size of n, every set of n individuals has an
equal chance of being chosen.)
- State how an SRS is formed.
- Use a table of random digits to create an SRS.
- State the problem which the magic word "randomization"
solves.
- State the primary weakness of an SRS.
- Variability from study to study
Homefun : prob. 5.1, 5.3, 5.7
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Activities |
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- Lesson 1
- Key Concept:
Designing systematic, statistically sound ways to
collect data
- Purpose:
Interactive Discussion:
Objectives
Seat Work: generate random numbers
using a random number table.
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| Essential Question:
What is the difference between
preventing variability and preventing bias in a statistical study? |
- Describe the key method for preventing variability
in observational studies and surveys.
- Describe how a multistage sample design is used
for preventing variability.
- Describe 4 ways to do a perfectly good job of sampling and still get worthless results
(p. 257).
- Under coverage - Leaving groups
out of the sample selection process
- Non response - Mr. Rogers
Syndrome
- Response Bias - a) Intimidating
interviewer b) Intimidating question
- Wording Effects - Asking
the wrong question or biasing the result.
Homefun: 5.11, 5.12, 5.15,
5.20, 5.23
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- Lesson 2
- Key Concept:
Variability and bias--surveys
- Purpose:
How to prevent the above in surveys
Interactive Discussion:
Objectives
Group Work:
Correctly design a survey for Southside high
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| Essential Question:
Why are experiments considered
more convincing than observational studies? |
Experiments
- Correctly use the following terms:
- Experimental unit/subject
- Treatment
- Factor/level
- Placebo effect
- Control group
- Completely randomized design
- State the magic word which is used in all experiments
and state why and how it is used
- Explain the conditions which make an effect
statistically significant (p. 276).
- Be as one with the three basic principles of
experimental design.
- Control - effects of lurking
variables
- Randomization - prevents sampling
bias
- Replication - collect numerous data
points
- Describe how double blind testing is used.
- Discuss the ethical considerations of double blind
testing.
- Correctly use blocking in an experimental design.
- Explain why blocking reduces study to study variability.
- State the problem that blocking does not solve.
- Set up matched pairs designs.
Homefun: 5.31,
5.38, 5.41, 5.47
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- Lesson 3
- Key Concept:
Variability and bias--experiments
- Purpose:
How to prevent the above in experiments.
Interactive Discussion:
Objectives
Group Work:
Correctly design an experiment for the AP test fish tank example.
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