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Latin
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Latin/Greek Root Words
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(Statistics
connection) |
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AP Statistics Standards
IV. Statistical Inference: Confirming
models
A. Confidence intervals
- The meaning of a confidence
interval
- Large sample confidence interval
for a proportion
B.
Tests of significance
- Logic of significance testing, null
and alternative hypotheses; p-values;
one- and two-sided tests; concepts of Type I and Type
II errors; concept of power
- Large sample test for a proportion
- Large sample test for a mean
- Large sample test for a difference
between two proportions
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| Essential Question:
How does a confidence interval for
proportions compare to one for means? |
Ch. 12.1 Inference for Proportions
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State the meaning of p-hat.
A statistic representing a population
proportion
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Calculate the mean and standard deviation of a
binomial distribution.
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Data Type |
Mean |
Std Dev |
| count |
np |
[np(1 - p)]^0.5 |
| proportion |
p |
[p(1 - p) / n]^0.5 |
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Be aware that a binomial distribution (the
distribution typically used for analyzing proportions) is
essentially a sampling distribution.
Note that as a sampling distribution, when the sample size is
large enough (see below), the distribution begins to resemble a
normal distribution.
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When appropriate, correctly model a binomial
distribution as a normal distribution if the 2 conditions shown
below are met.
np
≥ 10
n(1-p)
≥ 10
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Create a confidence
interval for a proportion based on single large sample (p.689).
ME = Z* [p(1
- p) / n ]0.5
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Perform a hypothesis test
comparing a single large sample proportion (p-hat) against a know
population proportion (p). Note, this
is a z-test.
Homefun
(formative/summative assessment): --
12.7, 12.9 -- Read section 12.1
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- Lesson 1
- Essential Question: How
can inferences be draw for single sample proportions?
Warm up (individuals):
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What type of
distribution is most useful for evaluating surveys for voting or yes
or no questions?
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Why does the binomial
distribution start to look like a normal distribution when the
sample size is large?
Interactive Discussion:
Objectives 1-2. D
Stats Investigation (Teams of
two):
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| Essential Question:
Assuming an SRS and given equal
sized margins of error, is the sample size required to survey the
entire United States substantially larger than the one for
conducting the same survey in Greenville SC? |
Ch. 12.1, 12.2
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Calculate the desired
sample size for a given margin of error in a proportion (p. 696).
Remember that p = 50% will give the max
sample size and hence most conservative estimate of the size needed.
Using the equation for margin of error, solve for n.
Relevance:
Survey results are a ubiquitous feature of newspaper and
magazine articles as well as political arguments.
The above is the basic way that surveys are designed.
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Create a confidence
interval for comparing two sample proportions (p.704).
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State the Ho used for
comparing two sample proportions.
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Calculate the pooled
portion of successes using both samples.
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ppooled
= |
count of successes in both samples combined
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count of observations in both samples combined |
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= |
X1 + X2 |
| n1
+ n2 |
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Perform a hypothesis test
for comparing two sample proportions (p. 708).
Homefun
(formative/summative assessment): 12.11,
12.25, 12.27, 12.35 -- Read Section12.2 |
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- Lesson 2
- Essential Question: How
can inferences be draw for two sample proportions?
Warm up questions (individuals):
- What's the difference between p
and p-hat?
- What are the two rules of thumb
for modeling the binomial distribution with a normal distribution?
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